Common Polish Phrases & Expressions

What to Say and What to Avoid

Polish is a complex language with formal and informal forms. Using the wrong one can embarrass you or offend someone. Learn these four powerful phrases.

1. "Dzień dobry" (Good day) – ALWAYS USE

• Formal greeting used until evening (6-7 PM)
• Use with strangers, elders, shopkeepers, officials
• Shows respect (essential in Polish culture)
• Never say "Cześć" (hello) to older person (too informal)
• Say "Dobry wieczór" (good evening) after dark

2. "Na zdrowie" (To health) – TOAST + AFTER SNEEZE

• Said before drinking vodka (toast)
• Also said when someone sneezes (like "bless you")
• Never clink glasses without saying it (bad luck)
• Make eye contact when clinking (important!)
• Second toast sometimes "Sto lat" (100 years)

3. "Przepraszam" (Excuse me / I'm sorry) – USE FREELY

• Use to get attention (waiter, shop assistant)
• Use when bumping into someone (on crowded street)
• Use before asking a stranger a question
• Use when entering someone's home
• Poles appreciate polite apologies

4. "Pan / Pani" (Mr. / Mrs.) – ALWAYS USE WITH STRANGERS

• Use with anyone you don't know (shopkeepers, officials, elders)
• "Pan" for men, "Pani" for women
• Last name optional ("Dzień dobry, Pani" is enough)
• Never use first name without invitation (very rude)
• Children address adults as Pan/Pani (not "you")